What is the primary medication type for managing hyperglycemia?

Insulin is the primary medication for managing hyperglycemia because it facilitates the entry of glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. In individuals with diabetes, the pancreas may not produce enough insulin, or the body's cells may not respond effectively to insulin (insulin resistance). When hyperglycemia occurs, administering insulin helps to regulate blood sugar levels and prevent potential complications associated with high glucose levels, such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.

Oral glucose, while useful in hypoglycemia treatment to quickly raise blood sugar levels, is not appropriate for managing elevated blood glucose levels. Epinephrine is primarily used in situations of anaphylaxis and to manage cardiac arrest, not for hyperglycemia. Diuretics, on the other hand, can be used to help manage fluid retention, particularly in conditions like heart failure or hypertension, but they do not directly influence blood glucose levels. Therefore, insulin remains the cornerstone treatment for addressing hyperglycemia effectively.